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What Is Green Mobility? Green Mobility develops corporate programs to cut down on commutes by private motor vehicles in cities. This not only reduces traffic congestion, but also improves public transportation systems and quality of life. Sustainable transportation options can help to reduce environmental impact and pollution and also be used to support an active lifestyle to reap health benefits. Examples of green mobility are: Policy Interventions A wide array of policy instruments could aid in green mobility. The first category includes spatial strategies that seek to restrain urban car traffic and encourage the use of sustainable transport modes. These are often small-scale interventions (e.g., restrictions on parking spaces or speed limits or the use of cycle lanes) and have a high range of flexibility as they can be tailored to local contexts. Another set of policy instruments is designed to change the modal nature of travel by promoting alternative fuels and technologies for vehicles (e.g., EVs) or by encouraging the sharing of vehicles and routes. These policies can also include measures to increase accessibility to public transportation services, such as through financial incentives or more mobility options. The promotion of green mobility may also require changes in business models in terms of economic development, the planning of land use. This requires political will, and a high level of coordination between sectors. Additionally, it is important to consider that a shift from conventional mobility to green mobility will require a wide and fair change. For instance in cities that have an emphasis on high-value employment fields like business services and information and communication technology, the expansion of green mobility may increase access to neighborhoods of middle and upper class while reducing the availability of jobs and opportunities in low income neighbourhoods. A third set of policy instruments aims to reduce the negative externalities that are associated with transportation and promotes a more sustainable energy supply, including renewable sources and carbon pricing. These policies can be implemented at a national, local or EU level. These policies are able to be implemented at local level, as well as at the national and EU levels. They could also aid in the development of electric cars and related charging infrastructure and encourage a shift to more sustainable forms of mobility. At the local level, this could involve implementing measures aimed to promote the sustainability culture and developing new habits through education, awareness campaigns and many other initiatives. At the national and EU level, this might include leveraging global economic stimuli to encourage consumers to purchase EVs and expanding high-speed railway networks, and assisting research and innovation in the field of hydrogen and batteries. EV Adoption The speed at which cars transition from traditional internal combustion (IC) to electric power depends on a number of factors. One factor is the economic state of a country and its national policy. Historically, high-income countries like Norway and China have led the way by promoting both EV production and consumer incentive programs. These financial incentives helped to create a dynamic EV industry that resulted in lower costs. These countries also have strong energy policies that promote sustainable energy usage. They also emphasize the construction of a large public charging network to help eliminate range anxieties for new EV users. scooter green power has had a positive impact on overall EV adoption. This is evident in the data on vehicle-in-use that shows that the percentage of the fleet that is EV is increasing more quickly than new registrations or retirements. Despite these positive trends, EV adoption remains below estimates. The good news is that the rate of growth is predicted to accelerate due to the latest and future technological advances that will bring battery prices down more. Many Considerers and Skeptics are likely to switch to EV ownership earlier. The rapid increase in EV ownership is also being caused by the fact that more people are utilizing EVs as their primary vehicle for work. As a result they have the potential to assist in shifting fleets of companies towards a more eco-friendly solution. In turn, this could help to reduce a company's carbon footprint and contribute to the overall goal of creating a net zero world for mobility. If policymakers are more focused on long-term investment or a short-term incentive will ultimately determine the speed at which EVs are replacing conventional vehicles. No matter which path the country chooses to go it is important to keep in mind that, for EVs to succeed and be the most environmentally sustainable solution, they need to become an increasing proportion of the fleet. This is only possible with the help of all stakeholders including consumers, governments and the entire industry. EV Charging Infrastructure To realize the benefits of electrifying transportation sector, EV owners need a reliable charging infrastructure. This includes public EV chargers which can be located in multi-unit residences, workplaces, parking garages and other public facilities. This includes home charging stations, which EV drivers can set up themselves, and portable chargers on demand which can help ease anxiety about range. This charging infrastructure is part of the green energy goals of the United States and is a major contributor to electrification of the transportation system. The infrastructure is being built in rural, suburban, and urban communities. The Biden Administration is partnering with state and local authorities to encourage EV adoption by making it easier for them to invest in new charging infrastructure. EV charging can provide an efficient healthy, safe and secure alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles and trucks. It can lower greenhouse gas emissions, cut down on air pollution, and aid in the mitigation of climate change. It can also support economic growth and create high-paying jobs. But, despite the numerous advantages of an EV, there are still obstacles to its widespread use such as the cost of an EV and the availability of charging in public. Making sure that everyone has access to EV chargers can help overcome these barriers and ensure that everyone of the community benefit from green mobility's environmental and health benefits. This can be accomplished by creating a network of accessible EV charging stations that are open to the public at locations throughout the community. In addition, it can be promoted through programs that offer incentives to private companies and businesses to install EV charging stations at their premises. This could include tax credits, rebates and other financial benefits. A simpler permitting process could make it easier for homeowners and businesses to install electric charging stations on their premises. Additionally, developing a set of best practices for designing and implementing EV charging stations can ensure that they are effective, efficient and easy to use. In the end, using existing technology to increase EV charging efficiency can be a means for communities to encourage the sustainability of an EV charging network. This can be done by the integration of EV charging infrastructure with smart city technology that gathers and analyzes data to make more intelligent energy usage decisions. EV Integration The integration of EVs to the grid requires consideration of multiple stakeholders and systems involved in urban mobility services. The integration of EVs requires new technology for managing energy flows from EVs into and out of the grid. Additionally, EVs provide opportunities for integrating renewable energy (RE) in the electricity supply system via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) capabilities. This permits EV owners to take advantage of energy prices arbitrage and also to sign contracts with reduced prices with energy providers. Additionally, EVs can offer back-up electricity services during power disruptions and reduce the need for grids to rely on traditional sources of energy. To encourage the use of EVs utilities can offer incentives to consumers to purchase and install EV chargers on their premises. These incentives can be in the form of vouchers, rebates, or cashbacks. In addition, utilities can introduce time-of-use rates that encourage electric vehicle users to shift their load away from peak demand hours. These measures can reduce the strain on the grid and also reduce emissions of CO2. To integrate EVs with the electricity grid, it is essential to design charging infrastructure that will enable communication between EVs and the power system. This is done by installing smart charging stations as well as EV-to-grid interfaces (G2V) that allow for information transfer between the EV and the charging station. These technologies can improve EV charging speed as well as monitor EV state of charge (SOC), and provide real-time feedback to drivers. Additionally, a safe and secure EV charging network is crucial to ensure the trust of users in the technology. These networks are extremely complex, and must be designed in a manner that protects against cybersecurity threats like hacking, malware and phishing. These threats can affect the safety and performance of EVs as well as the grid in general. To be able to achieve a fully functional EV integration, all the components and actors involved in this process must be considered. In previous studies on EVs, the focus was solely on technical solutions. The business aspect was not considered. This study employs secondary data to investigate an economic model to integrate EVs in order to achieve sustainable energy solutions for smart cities.